Pipe fittings are the general term for components in a pipeline system that serve functions such as connection, control, redirection, branching, sealing, and support.
Product Introduction
A pipe fitting is a component that connects pipes together to form a pipeline. According to the processing technology classification, pipe fittings are divided into butt welded fittings, butt welded fittings, threaded fittings, and flange fittings. The fittings used for connecting pipes mainly include flexible fittings, pipe clamps, and tubing fittings. The fittings used to change the direction of pipes and add branches include elbow fittings, bent pipe fittings, tees, and crosses. The fittings used to change the diameter of pipes include variable diameter fittings, branch supports, and reinforcement pipes. The fittings used for fixing pipeline systems include snap ring fittings, drag hook fittings, lifting ring fittings, bracket fittings, etc
Product Classification
There are many types of pipe fittings, classified here according to their purpose, connection, material, and processing method.
Classified by purpose
1. The fittings used for interconnecting pipes include flanges, unions, pipe clamps, clamps, sleeves, throat clamps, etc
Cold drawn welded tee
2. Pipe fittings that change the direction of pipes: elbows, bends
3. Pipe fittings that change the diameter of pipes: variable diameter (reducing pipe), reducing elbow, branch pipe platform, reinforcing pipe
4. Add fittings for branching pipelines: tees, tees
5. Pipe fittings used for pipeline sealing: gaskets, raw tape, hemp thread, flange blind plates, pipe plugs, blind plates, heads, welding plugs
6. Pipe fittings used for pipeline fixation: snap rings, drag hooks, lifting rings, brackets, brackets, pipe clamps, etc
Divided by Connection
1. Welded pipe fittings
2. Threaded pipe fittings
Neck welded steel pipe flange
3. Card sleeve fittings
4. Clamp fittings
5. Socket fittings
6. Adhesive pipe fittings
7. Hot melt pipe fittings
8. Curved double melting pipe fittings
9. Rubber ring connected pipe fittings
Classified by materials
1. Cast steel pipe fittings
welded elbow
2. Cast iron pipe fittings
3. Stainless steel pipe fittings
4. Plastic pipe fittings
5. PVC pipe fittings
6. Rubber pipe fittings
7. Graphite pipe fittings
PPR pipe fittings
8. Forged steel pipe fittings
9. PPR pipe fittings
10. Alloy pipe fittings
11. PE pipe fittings
12. ABS pipe fittings
chemical composition
1. Composition indicators: The chemical composition of angle steel belongs to the general structural rolled steel series, and the main verification indicators are C, Mn, P, and S. According to different grades, the content varies, roughly ranging from C<0.22%, Mn: 0.30-0.65%, P<0.060%, S<0.060%.
2. Inspection methods: When detecting the above chemical components, commonly used standard inspection methods include GB223, JISG1211-1215, BS1837, BS Manual 19, Г OCT22536, etc
standard system
There are mainly two systems of pipe flange standards internationally, namely the European pipe flange system represented by German DIN (including the former Soviet Union) and the American pipe flange system represented by American ANSI pipe flanges. [1] In addition, there are also Japanese JIS pipe flanges, but they are generally only used for public works in petrochemical plants and have a relatively small impact internationally. Here is a brief introduction to the flanges of various countries:
1. European system pipe flanges represented by Germany and the former Soviet Union
2. American system pipe flange standards, represented by ANSI B16.5 and ANSI B 16.47
3. The UK and France have flange standards, with each country having two sets of flange standards.
In summary, the internationally recognized pipe flange standards can be summarized into two different and non interchangeable pipe flange systems: a European pipe flange system represented by Germany; Another is the American pipe flange system represented by the United States.
IOS7005-1 is a standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization in 1992, which is actually a pipe flange standard that combines two series of pipe flanges from the United States and Germany.
Classification of pipe fittings
1. Divided by material:
Carbon steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC
Alloy: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP911、15Mo3 15CrMoV、 35CrMoV
Stainless steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H
Low temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3-WPL 6
High performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70
Cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon slag, PVC, PPR, RFPP (reinforced polypropylene), etc.
2. According to the production method, it can be divided into pushing, pressing, forging, casting, etc.
3. According to manufacturing standards, it can be divided into national standards, electrical standards, ship standards, chemical standards, water standards, American standards, German standards, Japanese standards, Russian standards, etc.
4. According to its curvature radius, it can be divided into long radius elbows and short radius elbows. A long radius elbow refers to a pipe with a curvature radius equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, i.e. R=1.5D; A short radius elbow refers to a curvature radius equal to the outer diameter of the pipe, i.e. R=1.0D. (D is the diameter of the elbow, R is the radius of curvature). If classified by pressure level: there are approximately seventeen types, which are the same as the pipe standards in the United States, including: Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、Sch40s、STD、Sch40、Sch60、Sch80s、XS; Sch80、SCH100、Sch120、Sch140、Sch160、XXS; The most commonly used ones are STD and XS.
Related standards
The key criteria include the following classifications
Current national standards
GB/T10752-1995 Marine steel pipe butt welded joints
Flexible interface cast iron pipes and fittings for drainage
GB/T 8803-2001 Injection molded rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) fittings - Hot oven test method
GB/T 8802-2001 Thermoplastic pipes and fittings - Determination of Vicat softening temperature
GB/T 18251-2000 Determination of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and mixtures
GB/T 18474-2001 Test Method for Crosslinking Degree of Cross linked Polyethylene (PE-X) Pipes and fittings
GB/T 18475-2001 Classification and nomenclature of materials for thermoplastic pressure pipes and fittings - General use (design) factors
GB/T 18742.3-2002 Polypropylene piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 18991-2003 Thermoplastic pipes and fittings for hot and cold water systems
GB/T 18993.3-2003 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 18998.3-2003 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) piping systems for industrial use - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 19228.3-2003 Rubber O-ring seals for stainless steel compression fittings
GB/T 19278-2003 Thermoplastic pipes, fittings and valves - General terms and definitions
GB/T 19473.3-2004 Polybutene (PB) piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 12459-2005 Steel butt welded seamless fittings
GB/T 19712-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene (PE) saddle bypass impact test method
GB 15558.2-2005 Underground Polyethylene (PE) Pipeline Systems for Gas Use Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 13663.2-2005 Polyethylene (PE) piping systems for water supply - Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 19806-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Squeezing peel test for polyethylene electrofusion components
GB/T 19807-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Preparation of composite specimens for polyethylene pipes and electrofusion fittings
GB/T 19808-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Tensile peel test for polyethylene electrofusion components with a nominal outer diameter greater than or equal to 90mm
GB/T 19809-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Preparation of polyethylene (PE) pipes/fittings or pipes/fittings - Hot melt butt joint components
GB/T 19810-2005 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings - Determination of tensile strength and failure mode of hot melt butt joints
GB/T 13401-2005 Steel Plate Welded Pipe Parts
GB/T 19993-2005 Thermoplastic piping systems for hot and cold water - Pipe and fittings combination systems - Thermal cycling test method
GB/T 5836.2-2006 PVC-U fittings for building drainage
GB/T 15819-2006 Test Method and Technical Requirements for Sensitivity of Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Irrigation to Environmental Stress Cracking Caused by Inserted Fitting
GB/T 20201-2006 Mechanical connection fittings for polyethylene (PE) pressure pipes for irrigation
GB/T 20207.2-2006 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Pressure Piping Systems Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 20674.2-2006 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene system fusion equipment - Part 2: Electric fusion connection
GB/T 20674.1-2006 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene system fusion equipment - Part 1: Hot melt butt joint
GB/T 8801-2007 Test Method for Falling of PVC-U Pipe fittings
GB/T 21300-2007 Determination of opacity of plastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 21409-2008 General rules for inspection, installation and use of glass equipment, pipes and fittings
GB/T 21408-2008 Glass equipment, pipes and fittings - Universality and interchangeability of pipes and fittings with a diameter of 15mm to 150mm
GB/T 14383-2008 Forged socket welding and threaded fittings
GB/T 13295-2008 Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for water and gas pipelines
GB/T 6567.3-2008 Technical drawings - Graphic symbols and fittings for piping systems
GB/T 22051-2008 Cross linked Polyethylene (PE-X) Pipe with Sliding Clamp Cold Expansion Fitting
GB/T 6567.5-2008 Technical drawings - Graphic symbols for piping systems - Axonometric drawing of graphic symbols for piping, fittings, valves, etc
GB/T 11618.1-2008 Copper Tube Joints Part 1: brazed fittings
GB/T 12772-2008 Flexible interface cast iron pipes, fittings and accessories for drainage
GB/T 3420-2008 Grey cast iron fittings
GB/T 11618.2-2008 Copper Tube Joints Part 2: Compression Fitting
GB/T 23241-2009 Basic parameters and technical conditions for plastic pipes and fittings for irrigation
GB/T 23682-2009 Requirements, design and installation of refrigeration systems and heat pump hose fittings, isolation pipes and expansion joints
GB/T 24452-2009 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) pipes and fittings for sewage and wastewater (high and low temperature) inside buildings
GB/T 17457-2009 Ductile iron pipes and fittings with cement mortar lining
GB/T 24596-2009 Ductile iron pipes and fittings - Polyurethane coating
GB/T 24672-2009 Metal thin-walled pipes and fittings for sprinkler irrigation
GB/T 5135.19-2010 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 19: Plastic Pipes and fittings
GB/T 26002-2010 Stainless steel corrugated hoses and fittings for gas transmission
GB/T 26120-2010 Low pressure stainless steel threaded fittings
GB/T 26081-2010 Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for sewage use
GB 26255.2-2010 Mechanical fittings for polyethylene piping systems for gas use - Part 2: Steel plastic conversion fittings for pipes with a nominal outer diameter greater than 63mm
GB 26255.1-2010 Mechanical fittings for polyethylene piping systems for gas use - Part 1: Steel plastic conversion fittings for pipes with a nominal outer diameter not exceeding 63mm
GB/T 26500-2011 General technical requirements for fluoroplastic lined steel pipes and fittings
GB/T 19228.2-2011 Stainless Steel Compression Fitting Components Part 2: Thin walled Stainless Steel Pipes for Connections
GB/T 19228.1-2011 Stainless Steel Compression Fitting Components Part 1: Compression Fitting Components
GB/T 27684-2011 Titanium and titanium alloy seamless and welded fittings
GB/T 27891-2011 Carbon Steel Compression Fitting
industry standard
1. "Steel butt welded seamless fittings" GB/T 12459-2005
2. GB/T 13401-2005 "Steel Plate Welded Pipe Fittings"
3. "Steel Welded Pipe Fittings for Power Stations" DL/T 695-1999
SH 3408 steel butt welded seamless pipe fittings
SH 3409 steel plate welded pipe fittings
SH 3410 forged steel socket welded pipe fittings
HGJ514-87 seamless butt welded pipe fittings for carbon steel and low alloy steel
CJ/T 321-2010 Aluminum alloy lined plastic composite pipes and fittings
American Pipe Standards
ASME/ANSI B16.9 factory manufactured seamless steel pipe fittings for butt welding
ASME/ANSI B16.11 socket welded and threaded forged fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.28 Steel butt welded small radius elbows and return bends
ASME B16.5 pipe flanges and flange fittings
MSS SP-43 forged stainless steel butt welded pipe fittings
MSS SP-83 socket weld and threaded union
MSS SP-97 integral reinforced socket, threaded and butt welded ends
ASME B16.3-1998 malleable iron threaded pipe
Complete List of Pipeline Standards
Regulations on Safety Management and Supervision of Pressure Pipelines in Document No. 140 of the former Ministry of Labor*
Qualification License and Management Rules for Design Units of Pressure Vessels and Pipelines in Document No. 235 of the National Quality Inspection Bureau
Notice on Strengthening Safety Supervision and Management of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stations (Document No. 143 of the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau)
Opinions on Implementing the Notice on Strengthening Safety Supervision and Management of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stations (No. 59 of the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau)
5. Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Steam Boilers (Document No. 276 of the former Ministry of Labor)*
6. Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Hot Water Boilers (Document No. 74 of the former Ministry of Labor)*
7. Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Organic Heat Carrier Furnaces (Document No. 356 of the former Ministry of Labor)*
8 Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau Document No. 154: Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Pressure Vessels*
9 GB4962-1985 Safety Technical Regulations for Hydrogen Use
10 GB6222-1986 Safety Regulations for Industrial Enterprise Gas
GB11984-1989 Safety Regulations for Chlorine Gas
12 GB13348-1992 Safety Regulations for Static Electricity of Liquid Petroleum Products
13 SY6186-1996 Safety Regulations for Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipelines
14 SY5737-1995 Safety Regulations for Petroleum Pipeline Transportation
15 DL/T561-95 Guidelines for Chemical Supervision of Water and Steam in Thermal Power Plants
16 DL/T709-1999 Technical Code for Safety Testing of Pressure Steel Pipes
Fire prevention, hygiene, and environmental protection
GB50160-92 (1999 Partial Revision) Fire Protection Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises*
GB5044-1985 Classification of Hazardous Levels of Occupational Contact Toxic Substances*
GBJ16-87 (2001 Partial Revision) Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings
GBJ73-84 Design Specification for Cleanroom
Technical Principles and Methods for Formulating Local Air Pollutant Emission Standards (GB/T3840-1991)
GB16297-1996 Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollutants
GB50058-1992 Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments*
GB50084-2001 Design Specification for Automatic Sprinkler Systems
GB50183-1993 Code for Fire Protection Design of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Engineering
8 GB50187-1993 Code for General Layout Design of Industrial Enterprises
GB50338-2003 Design Specification for Fixed Fire Cannon Extinguishing System
9 HG20532-1993 Safety and Health Design Regulations for Chemical Powder Engineering
10 HG20571-1995 Safety and Health Design Regulations for Chemical Enterprises
11 HG20667-1986 Environmental Protection Design Regulations for Chemical Construction Projects HGJ6 ×
12 HG/T20687-1989 Electrical Design Code for Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments in Chemical Enterprises HGJ21 ×
13 SH3024-1995 Design Specification for Environmental Protection of Petrochemical Enterprises
14 SH3047-1993 Occupational Safety and Health Design Specification for Petrochemical Enterprises
Pipeline connection structure class
GB/T1415-1992 Metric taper thread
2 GB/T7306.1~. 2-2000 Pipe threads sealed with threads
3 GB/T7307-2001 Non threaded Sealed Pipe Threads
4 GB/T12716-2002 60o sealing pipe thread
GB/T985-1988 Basic forms and dimensions of weld grooves for gas welding, manual arc welding, and gas shielded welding
6 GB/T986-1988 Basic forms and dimensions of submerged arc welding groove
7 GB/T324-1988 Symbol Representation for Weld Seam
8 HG/T3204-1981 Graphite Tube Thread Series
Engineering Design Standards
General standard category
GB13-86 (97th edition) Design Specification for Outdoor Water Supply
2 GB14-87 (97th edition) Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage
GB150-1998 Steel Pressure Vessels
GB50028-1993 (2002 edition) Urban Gas Design Code 98 Revision
5 GB50030-1991 Oxygen Station Design Specification
6 GB50031-1991 Code for Design of Acetylene Stations
7 GB50041-1992 Boiler Room Design Code
Design Code for Small Thermal Power Plants (GB50049-1994)
9 GB50156-2002 Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Refueling and Gas Stations
10 GB50177-1993 Design Specification for Hydrogen Oxygen Stations
11 GB50195-1994 Design Code for Generator Gas Station
12 GB50251-2003 Design Code for Gas Pipeline Engineering
13 GB50253-2003 Design Code for Oil Pipeline Engineering
Design Specification for Pumping Stations (GB/T50265-1997)
15 GB50316-2000 Design Code for Industrial Metallic Piping
16 GB50029-2003 Design Code for Compressed Air Stations
17 GB50074-2002 Design Code for Petroleum Storage GBJ74
18 HG20695-1987 Design Specification for Chemical Pipeline HGJ8
19 HG20519-1992 Unified Regulations for Content and Depth of Chemical Process Design and Construction Drawings
Design Regulations for Equipment Layout of Chemical Plants (HG20546-1992)*
21 HG/T20549-1998 Design Regulations for Pipeline Layout of Chemical Plant*
22 HG/T20645-1998 Code for Mechanical Design of Chemical Plant Pipeline*
23 HG/T20646-1999 Design Code for Pipeline Materials of Chemical Plant*
24 HG20581-1998 Steel Chemical Container Material Selection Regulations
25 HG20582-1998 Strength Calculation Regulations for Steel Chemical Containers
26 SHJ9-89 Design Specification for Fuel Gas System and Combustible Gas Emission System in Petrochemical Enterprises
27 SH3011-2000 General Rules for Equipment Layout Design of Petrochemical Process Units
28 SH3012-2000 General rules for layout design of petrochemical pipelines
29 SH/T3041-2002 Flexible Design Specification for Petrochemical Pipeline
30 SH3007-1999 Design Specification for Storage and Transportation System Tank Farm in Petrochemical Enterprises SHJ7
31 SH3034-1999 Design Specification for Water Supply and Drainage Pipelines in Petrochemical Industry SHJ34
32 SH3059-1994 General rules for selection of pipeline design equipment in petrochemical enterprises
33 SY/T0015.1-2.1998 Design Specification for Crossing Engineering of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline
34 SY/T0075-2002 Design Code for Fire Protection Embankment in Oil Tank Areas
34 SYJ13-86 Design Specification for Crude Oil Long distance Pipeline Process and Oil Transfer Station
Design Specification for Route of 35 SYJ14-85 Crude Oil Long distance Pipeline
Recommended Practice for Steel Pipeline Crossing Railways and Highways (SY/T0325-2001)
37 SY/T0518-2002 Design Specification for Steel Butt Welded Pipe Components of Oil and Gas Pipelines
38 SY/T10043-2002 Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Reduction Systems
Recommended Practice for Determining, Selecting, and Installing Dimensions of Pressure Relief Devices in Refineries (SY/T10044-2002)
DL5000-1994 Technical Specification for Design of Thermal Power Plants
36 DL/T5054-1996 Technical Regulations for Design of Steam and Water Pipelines in Thermal Power Plants
37 SDGJ6-90 Technical Regulations for Stress Calculation of Steam and Water Pipelines in Thermal Power Plants
38 CJJ34-2002 Design Specification for Urban Thermal Network
Noise control, anti-static, thermal insulation, anti-corrosion, seismic resistance, jacket type
GBJ44-82 Seismic Identification Standard for Outdoor Gas Thermal Engineering Facilities
GBJ87-85 Design Specification for Industrial Enterprise Noise Control*
GB/T4272-1992 General rules for insulation technology of equipment and pipelines
Basic Identification Colors and Symbols for Industrial Pipelines (GB7231-1987)
GB/T8175-1987 Design Guidelines for Insulation of Equipment and Pipelines
6 GB/T8923-1988 Rust grades and rust removal grades of steel surfaces before painting
GB/T11790-1996 General rules for cold insulation technology of equipment and pipelines
8 GB12158-1990 General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity Accidents
GB12348-1990 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standard
GB12801-1991 General Principles for Safety and Health Requirements in Production Processes
Guidelines for Cold Insulation Design of Equipment and Pipelines (GB/T15586-1995)
10 GB50264-1997 Design Code for Thermal Insulation Engineering of Industrial Equipment and Pipelines
11 HG20503-1992 Design Regulations for Noise Control of Chemical Construction Projects*
12 HG20560-1994 Guidelines for Anti static Design of Chemical Processes
13 HG/T20675-1990 Design Code for Static Electricity Grounding in Chemical Enterprises HGJ28
14 HG/T20679-1990 Design Specification for External Corrosion Protection of Chemical Equipment and Pipelines HGJ34
15 HG25043-1991 Pipeline Painting Regulations
17 SH3022-1999 Design and Construction Specification for Anti corrosion Coating of Equipment and Pipeline in Petrochemical Enterprises SHJ22
18 SHJ39-91 General rules for seismic design of non buried pipelines in petrochemical enterprises
19 SHJ40-91 Design Specification for Steam Companion and Jacket in Petrochemical Enterprises
20 SHJ43-91 Surface Painting and Marking of Equipment and Pipelines in Petrochemical Enterprises
21 SH3010-2000 Design Specification for Thermal Insulation of Equipment and Pipelines in Petrochemical Enterprises
22 SH3097-2000 Design Specification for Static Electricity Grounding in Petrochemical Industry
Design Specification for Corrosion Protection Engineering of Steel Pipelines and Storage Tanks (SYJ7-84)
24 SYJ8-84 Technical Standard for Petroleum Asphalt Anti corrosion Coating on Buried Steel Pipelines
25 SY0007-1999 Steel Pipes and Storage Tanks
Characteristics and Applications
Widely used in power towers, communication towers, curtain wall materials, shelf construction, railway and highway protection, street lamp poles, marine components, building steel structure components, substation ancillary facilities, light industry, etc.
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